Nasilje nad decom: izazovi, posledice i putevi prevencije [Violence against children: challenges, consequences and ways of prevention]
Keywords:
nasilje nad decom, faktori rizika, zaštitni faktori, prevalencija nasilja, oblici nasilja, fizičko nasilje, psihološko nasilje, seksualno zlostavljanje, zanemarivanje dece, nasilje u porodici, vršnjačko nasilje, digitalno nasilje, trgovina decom, posledice nasilja, prevencija nasilja.Synopsis
Nasilje nad decom predstavlja jedan od najozbiljnijih društvenih problema, sa dugoročnim posledicama koje utiču ne samo na pojedinačne žrtve, već i na celokupnu zajednicu. Istorijska analiza pokazuje da je ovaj problem prisutan kroz vekove, ali da su društvena svest i pravni mehanizmi zaštite dece postepeno evoluirali. Ipak, uprkos napretku u zakonodavstvu i preventivnim merama, nasilje nad decom i dalje ostaje ozbiljan izazov koji zahteva sistemski pristup i multidisciplinarnu reakciju.Različiti teorijski pristupi naglašavaju složenost ovog fenomena, pri čemu su biološki, psihološki, socijalni i ekonomski faktori u međusobnoj interakciji prilikom njegovog nastanka i razvoja. Pravni okvir zaštite dece igra ključnu ulogu u sprečavanju nasilja i sankcionisanju počinilaca. Nacionalna i međunarodna zakonodavna rešenja sve više prepoznaju potrebu za strožim regulativama i efikasnijim sistemima zaštite. Međutim, samo postojanje zakona nije dovoljno – njihova primena zahteva efikasnu koordinaciju između pravosudnih organa, policije, zdravstvenih i socijalnih službi, kao i obrazovnih ustanova.
Razumevanje faktora rizika i zaštitnih faktora od suštinske je važnosti za razvoj delotvornih strategija prevencije. Nasilje nad decom je multikauzalna pojava koja ne dozvoljava uska i ograničena gledišta u objašnjenju sam pojave iči njenih pojedinih oblika. Prevalencija nasilja nad decom i dalje predstavlja ozbiljan problem, pri čemu postoje značajni metodološki izazovi u prikupljanju podataka. Neprecizne definicije, različiti istraživački pristupi i visok procenat neprijavljenih slučajeva otežavaju tačno određivanje obima problema. Fizičko, psihološko i seksualno zlostavljanje, zanemarivanje, nasilje u porodici, vršnjačko nasilje i digitalno nasilje predstavljaju najčešće oblike nasilja nad decom, pri čemu svaki od njih ostavlja duboke posledice na dečji razvoj i dobrobit.Posledice nasilja mogu biti dugoročne i ozbiljne, kako na fizičkom, tako i na psihološkom i socijalnom planu. Fizičko nasilje može dovesti do povreda, hroničnih oboljenja i smanjene otpornosti organizma. Psihološke posledice uključuju anksioznost, depresiju, poremećaje ponašanja i nisko samopouzdanje. Seksualno zlostavljanje često uzrokuje trajne emocionalne traume, dok zanemarivanje može rezultirati razvojnim problemima i socijalnom neprilagođenošću. Nasilje u školskom okruženju, uključujući bullying, negativno utiče na akademski uspeh i emocionalni razvoj deteta. Osim individualnih posledica, ekonomske posledice nasilja nad decom reflektuju se na čitavo društvo kroz povećane troškove zdravstvene i socijalne zaštite, gubitak produktivnosti i generacijsko prenošenje nasilnih obrazaca.
Izdavač/Publisher: Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe / Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary
Originalni jezik/Original Language: Srpski/Serbian
Broj strana/Number of Pages: 174
ISBN 978-86-86121-77-6
Citiranje/Cite (APA): Merdović, B. (2025). Nasilje nad decom: izazovi, posledice i putevi prevencije [Violence against children: challenges, consequences and ways of prevention]. Novi Sad:Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe u Novom Sadu. ISBN 978-86-86121-77-6.
Naučna polja/Scientific areas: Kriminologija, Viktimologija
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